American Scholar: Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Knowledge
American Scholar is a peer reviewed open access journal committed to advancing knowledge across multiple disciplines. The journal provides a platform for researchers educators and scholars to share innovative research that integrates insights from social sciences humanities education technology and health studies. By fostering interdisciplinary collaboration American Scholar seeks to bridge theoretical research with practical applications offering solutions to contemporary global and societal challenges. The journal aims to promote academic excellence knowledge exchange and innovative thinking across diverse fields of study. Country of Publication: U.S. City: Plano Medium of publication: Online Language(s) of publication: English Frequency of publication: Monthly (12 Issues per year) ISSN (Online): 3071-1835 ResearchBib: 11.25 Doi Prefix: 10.62480 Name of Publisher: Mr. Steave Boson (Individual Publisher) Address: Zien Journals, 5700 Tennyson Parkway, Suite 300, Plano, Texas 75024 Email: editor@zienjournals.com Editor In Chief: Dr. Imam Shofwan
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Liability For The Crimes Of Misappropriation Or Embezzlement In The Criminal Legislation Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan (Specific features of procedural documents in the preliminary investigation)
This article analyzes the essence of procedural documents prepared during the preliminary investigation process, their role in criminal proceedings, and the procedure for their formalization from scientifictheoretical and practical perspectives. The study broadly examines the concept of procedural documents of preliminary investigation, their legal nature, the general requirements imposed on such documents, and the criteria for their classification. In addition, the procedural and legal foundations for drafting the most commonly used procedural documents in investigative practice — decisions, protocols, auxiliary procedural documents, and indictments — are analyzed in detail.
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Administration, Governance And Management In Education: A Case Study Of Uzbekistan
This article examines the reform of educational administration, governance and management in Uzbekistan between 2017 and 2025. It distinguishes administration as the formal regulatory structure, management as the operational leadership of institutions and governance as the distribution of authority and accountability among stakeholders. The study shows that Uzbekistan has substantially modernised its educational governance architecture through ministerial reorganisation, the Law on Education, higher-education autonomy, quality assurance reforms and digital management systems. However, the article also argues that structural change has moved faster than management culture. The main unfinished tasks are the professional development of school and university leaders, the practical implementation of institutional autonomy, stronger stakeholder participation and the transition from compliance-based control to evidence-informed professional judgment
Biophysical Effects Of Blue Light Emitted From Digital Devices On Ocular Tissues
This article analyzes the biophysical effects of blue light (wavelength range 400–500 nm) emitted from digital device screens on ocular tissues, particularly the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, and discusses practical solutions aimed at preventing or reducing these effects.
In pharmacotherapy (also in phytotherapy), it is often necessary to use several drugs at the same time. The main goal is to achieve a faster and stronger pharmacotherapeutic effect or to increase the effectiveness of drugs by affecting several organ systems and reducing their side effects. As a result of the simultaneous introduction or sequential administration of several drugs into the body, their effects may change in various ways. When several drugs are used in this way, synergism or antagonism may occur
Sulfonamide drugs. Anti-tuberculosis and antiviral drugs
Sulfanilamides are synthetic antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Antituberculosis agents are a group of potent drugs that kill mycobacteria, while antiviral agents prevent viruses from entering or multiplying in cells. These drugs inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria (bacteriostatic effect). They work by disrupting the synthesis of folic acid by microbes. Tuberculosis (tuberculosis) is a complex and longterm disease, usually requiring the use of several drugs in combination. Sulfanilamide drugs are a group of antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents and are important in the treatment of infectious diseases. This article provides a scientific analysis of the pharmacological properties, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical application of sulfanilamide drugs. Sulfanilamides disrupt the synthesis of folic acid in microorganisms through competitive antagonism with paraaminobenzoic acid, and as a result, they inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria. The results of the study indicate the importance of sulfonamides in pharmaceutical and clinical practice
The Use of the Case Study Method in German Language Instruction for Solving ProductionRelated Tasks in a Technical University
This article examines the methodology for applying the case study method as an effective tool for fostering professional-communicative competence among technical students studying the German language. Based on a pedagogical experiment, the author explicates the structure of a specialized case study designed to simulate a real-world production task. The research results demonstrate that integrating a professional context into the language training process not only enhances student motivation but also facilitates the simultaneous development of "soft skills" (such as teamwork and analytical thinking) and specialized technical terminology.
Evolution And Distinctive Features Of Comic And Dramatic Genres In The Dramatic Heritage Of R. B. Sheridan And E. Vakhidov
This article examines the genre specificity and evolution of the dramatic works of the 18th-century English playwright R. B. Sheridan and the 20thcentury Uzbek writer E. Vakhidov. Utilizing a comparative-historical method, the authors analyze the comic and dramatic traditions of both writers. The study establishes that despite the chronological and cultural divide, both playwrights are united by their use of satire as an instrument of social purification, a profound connection to national folklore and mentality, and the reformation of the comic genres of their respective eras
A Comparative Analysis of The Linguacultural Features of The Concepts "Nation" And "Individual" (Based on English and Uzbek Languages)
This paper presents a comparative linguacultural analysis of the foundational concept’s "nation" (nation / millat) and "individual" (individual, personality / shaxs) within the English and Uzbek linguistic worldviews. The relevance of this study stems from the necessity to examine the mental constants of structurally diverse languages in the context of intercultural communication. The methodology relies on conceptual and definitional analysis, alongside the linguistic description of frame structures. As a result of the research, the authors explicate both universal (isomorphic) and ethno-specific (differential) semes. It is established that the English linguaculture demonstrates a pronounced egocentric (individualistic) dominant, where the concept of the "individual" takes precedence over supra-individual structures. Conversely, in the Uzbek linguistic worldview, the concepts of "nation" and "individual" exist in a relationship of synergetic paternalism, wherein the value of the individual is actualized through service to the community
The Essence Of Intellectual Discourse: Philosophical And Social Approaches
This article analyzes the impact of intellectual discourse on public consciousness and the spiritual development of society from philosophical and social perspectives. Intellectual speech is interpreted as a specific form of social discourse that shapes public opinion, reinforces moral values, and promotes critical thinking. Special attention is paid to the transformation of intellectual discourse in the digital information environment and to the issue of social responsibility.
The Role Of Idioms In English Communication
Idioms are an essential and inseparable part of the English language that play a significant role in effective communication. They reflect cultural values, historical development, and the linguistic creativity of native speakers. Idiomatic expressions often carry meanings that cannot be understood literally, which makes them both challenging and fascinating for language learners. This article explores the role of idioms in English communication, focusing on their linguistic characteristics, communicative functions, cultural significance, and pedagogical implications. It also discusses the difficulties faced by learners in understanding idioms and suggests strategies for effective teaching and learning. The study emphasizes that idioms are not merely decorative elements of language but powerful tools that enhance fluency, expressiveness, and cultural awareness in communication
The Effect Of Acidic Refractory Materials In Electric Furnaces On The Quality Of Molten Metal
This article analyzes the wear of the refractory lining in an induction furnace by considering the thermal conductivity and oxidation level of the internal refractory materials, as well as the addition of various fluxes and ferroalloys to the molten alloy. The study also evaluates how the temperature of the melt influences the rate of lining erosion
Yuldashev Umid Olimjonovich, PhD student
Rahmanov Rahimjon Ravshanbek ugli, Phd student
Teaching Mechanisms In Higher Education Institutions Based On Modern Approaches
This article analyzes the modern teaching mechanisms used in the higher education system today, the advantages of the credit-module system, the impact of digital technologies on the quality of education, and the organization of independent learning of students. The article also puts forward strategic directions for the transition from traditional to innovative education and proposals for optimizing pedagogical technologies
Emotional-Social Components of Communicative Competence Key Features of Empathy and Digital Emotional Intelligence
This article explains the purpose of communicative competence, its role in organizing activities, and its essence. The importance of emotional and social components in the development of communicative competence is examined. The role of empathy and digital emotional intelligence, which are fundamental foundations of communicative competence, in social communication is also analyzed
The Essence Of Problem-Based Learning Technology In Light Of The Objectives Of Teaching Russian As A Foreign Language
This article examines the essence of problem-based learning technology within the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Problem-based learning is conceptualized as a didactic system grounded in the creation of educational problem situations that stimulate cognitive activity, the independent search for solutions, and the development of students' speech-and-thought processes. The analysis establishes that this technology fosters the development of linguistic inference skills, the formation of abilities for independently constructing utterances, and a transition from the reproductive assimilation of linguistic material to its functional application in communication
Urgent Management of Ravine-Affected Lands
Widespread anthropogenic development of land in Uzbekistan in 1975-1985 influenced the activation of erosion processes and manmade soil disturbance, which led to a reduction in more than 350 thousand hectares of agricultural land and a deterioration in the soilecological situation of the country. The problem is aggravated by the fact that in the arid zone and the mountainous region of the Republic, the use of traditional methods of melioration and reclamation of soils disturbed by ravines and man-made human activities. [1, p. 4]. Scientific justification for determining the effectiveness of antiravine measures should take into account all aspects of economic activity - economic, environmental and social.
5 Key Steps to a Better and Healthier Life
Following healthy lifestyle habits is very crucial for physical, emotional, and mental well-being. This paper presents five key steps that help to stay in a better and healthier life: consuming healthy foods, engaging in regular physical activity, ensuring adequate sleep, managing stress effectively and avoiding harmful habits. All the information presented in this paper is based on analyses of researchers and lifestyle studies. The findings suggest that individuals who practices these habits experience improved mood and energy levels, reduced risk of chronic illnesses, and better emotional well-being. Promoting these simple lifestyle changes can contribute to an improved quality of life and lead a more productive life
A Linguistic Analysis of Borrowings in Modern English (Based on Technical Lexis)
This article examines the linguistic features of borrowings in modern English based on technical lexis. The relevance of the study is обусловлена the rapid development of science and technology, which has led to the continuous expansion of English vocabulary through borrowing processes. The aim of the research is to identify the sources, types, and functions of borrowed lexical units in technical discourse. The study employs methods of linguistic analysis, classification, and contextual interpretation. The empirical data include approximately 100 lexical units drawn from technical texts and IT-related discourse. The findings suggest that borrowings play a crucial role in the formation of technical terminology and reflect ongoing processes of globalization and knowledge exchange. It is argued that borrowings contribute to the standardization and internationalization of professional communication
Theoretical Basis Of The Professional Skills Of Pedagogical Sciences Teacher
This article examines the pivotal role of theoretical pedagogical knowledge in shaping and advancing teachers’ professional mastery. Within the framework of contemporary educational reforms, the shift from a traditional knowledge-transmission paradigm to a studentcentered facilitation approach necessitates a profound understanding of pedagogical laws, psychological principles, and innovative instructional methodologies. The author contends that professional excellence cannot be reduced to the mere accumulation of practical experience; rather, it emerges from a dynamic and sophisticated integration of theory and practice. Drawing on historical insights from prominent scholars such as Avicenna and John Amos Comenius, the study bridges classical pedagogical thought with contemporary strategies, including ProblemBased Learning (PBL).
Organizing A Game-Based Learning Environment for Mastering Parts of Speech (3rd Grade Case Study)
This article discusses the pedagogical importance of organizing a gamebased learning environment in teaching parts of speech to 3rd-grade students. It analyzes how didactic games contribute to improving students’ grammatical competence, cognitive activity, and communication skills. The article also presents specific examples of educational games and their effectiveness in classroom practice.
The Scientific Legacy of Abu Rayhan al-Biruni and His Contribution to the Development of World Science
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni is widely recognized as one of the most prominent scholars of the medieval scientific world and a major representative of the intellectual tradition of the Islamic Golden Age. His scientific works covered a wide range of disciplines, including astronomy, mathematics, geography, mineralogy, philosophy, and history. The purpose of this article is to analyze Biruni’s contribution to world science and examine the methodological principles that formed the basis of his research. The study applies historical and analytical approaches to evaluate his works and scientific ideas. The results show that Biruni made significant contributions to the development of empirical observation, comparative analysis, and interdisciplinary research. His emphasis on the verification of knowledge through observation and experimentation demonstrates an advanced scientific methodology that anticipated principles of modern science. The article concludes that Biruni’s intellectual heritage remains an important foundation for the development of scientific thinking and continues to influence contemporary research traditions.
Kenagas Clan And Their Place In The History Of Bukhara Khanate
This article analyzes the origin and history of the Kenagas clan and their role in the political and social life of the Bukhara Khanate based on historical literature
Integrating Health Social and Policy Research for Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals requires integrated approaches that connect health social and policy research. Fragmented research efforts often fail to address the interconnected nature of health equity social inclusion and governance challenges. This paper examines how interdisciplinary integration of health social sciences and policy research contributes to progress toward sustainable development. Using a qualitative synthesis of recent scholarly literature and global reports the study identifies key thematic patterns policy linkages and outcome trends. The results are presented through thematic readings and comparative tables highlighting areas of convergence and gaps. The findings demonstrate that integrated research frameworks enhance policy coherence equity and implementation effectiveness across sustainable development initiatives
Technology and Society: Ethical Challenges and Opportunities in the Digital Age
Rapid technological advancement has reshaped contemporary societies by transforming communication governance education healthcare and economic systems. While digital technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for innovation efficiency and social connectivity, they also raise significant ethical challenges related to privacy inequality algorithmic bias and accountability. This paper examines the ethical challenges and opportunities arising from the interaction between technology and society using an interdisciplinary approach. Employing a qualitative conceptual methodology and synthesis of recent scholarly literature the study identifies key ethical trends and evaluates their societal implications. The results indicate that ethical governance inclusive design and interdisciplinary policy frameworks are essential to ensure that technological progress contributes positively to social wellbeing and sustainable development.
Bridging Theory and Practice in Social Science Research-An Interdisciplinary Perspective
A persistent gap between theoretical frameworks and practical application continues to challenge social science research. While theory advances conceptual understanding practice driven contexts demand actionable and context sensitive solutions. This paper examines how interdisciplinary approaches can bridge the divide between theory and practice in social sciences. Drawing upon literature from sociology public policy psychology and education the study adopts a qualitative conceptual methodology to identify integrative pathways between research and real-world application. The findings highlight that interdisciplinary collaboration enhances relevance usability and societal impact of social science research. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening theory practice integration through interdisciplinary research design and institutional support
interdisciplinary research applied research policy relevance
The Role of Education in Shaping Knowledge Based Societies in the Digital Age
Education plays a foundational role in the development of knowledgebased societies particularly in the context of rapid digital transformation. As economies and social systems increasingly rely on information innovation and technological competence education systems are required to adapt to new learning demands. This paper examines how education contributes to the creation of knowledge-based societies by fostering critical thinking digital literacy innovation and lifelong learning. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from education studies sociology and technology research the study explores emerging educational model’s challenges of digital inequality and policy implications. The paper argues that adaptive inclusive and technology integrated education systems are essential for sustainable social and economic development in the digital age.
Interdisciplinary Research as a Catalyst for Solving Contemporary Global Challenges
Interdisciplinary research has become an essential approach for addressing complex global challenges that extend beyond the scope of individual academic disciplines. Issues such as climate change public health crises educational inequality and technological disruption require integrated perspectives that combine social scientific humanistic scientific and technological knowledge. This paper examines the role of interdisciplinary research in generating holistic solutions to contemporary global problems. Through a conceptual and literaturebased analysis the study highlights the benefits challenges and future potential of interdisciplinary scholarship. The findings suggest that interdisciplinary research enhances innovation policy relevance and societal impact and should be actively supported by academic institutions funding agencies and journals.